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| 1950 |
| | | In response to the Soviet atom bomb, President Truman announces a crash programme to develop a hydrogen bomb | |
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| 1951 |
| | | The first hydrogen bomb is successfully tested by the US at Enewetak Atoll in the Marshall Islands | |
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| 1952 |
| | | X-ray crystallographer Rosalind Franklin, working at King's College in London, photographs DNA | |
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| 1953 |
| | | The first Soviet hydrogen bomb is successfully tested at the Semipalatinsk Test Site in Kazakhstan | |
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| 1964 |
| | | US physicists Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson discover cosmic background radiation, lending strong support to the Big Bang theory | |
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| 1974 |
| | | British physicist Stephen Hawking describes how black holes can emit radiation, a process now known as 'Hawking radiation' | |
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| 1988 |
| | | British physicist Stephen Hawking explains the cosmos for the general reader in A Brief History of Time: from the Big Bang to Black Holes | |
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| 2008 |
| | | The Large Hadron Collider, at Cern in Switzerland, begins accelerating protons round a 17-mile circular tunnel | |
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| 2008 |
| | | The Hadron Collider at Cern has to be halted when a serious fault develops, leading to a predicted six-month delay in the programme | |
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| 2009 November 20 |
| | | CERN restarts the Large Hadron Collider, which has been shut down since a serious failure in Sepember 2008 | |
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